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Love and Myth

Love in literature

Love is perhaps the oldest and most often renewed theme in literature. This section traces its history through the great texts that taught the West how to speak of it: from the fragments of Sappho to Catullus's poems for Lesbia, from Latin elegy to the irony of Ovid, from the Song of Songs and its mystical readings to Plato's Symposium. It then passes through the medieval courts, with the fin'amor of the troubadours, the treatise of Andreas Capellanus and the legend of Tristan and Isolde, on to Dante and Beatrice, Paolo and Francesca, Petrarch and Laura and the tales of Boccaccio. The journey closes with Shakespeare, Goethe's Werther and Romanticism. Each article presents authors, works, dates and contexts, distinguishing documented facts from legends and scholarly hypotheses, to show how every age has reinvented the language of feeling.

01

Sappho of Lesbos: the poet who gave desire a voice

Life, fragments and legacy of Sappho of Lesbos: from the Hymn to Aphrodite to fragment 31, the first great lyric song of love in the West.

3 min read
02

Catullus and Lesbia: hate and love in late Republican Rome

Catullus and Lesbia: who the woman of the poems was, the thousand kisses, betrayal and the famous Odi et amo. Rome's most vivid book of love poems.

3 min read
03

Latin love elegy: Gallus, Tibullus, Propertius and Sulpicia

Love elegy in the Augustan age: Cornelius Gallus and Lycoris, Tibullus and Delia, Propertius and Cynthia, the voice of Sulpicia and love's slavery.

3 min read
04

Ovid and the Amores: a young poet's gallant war

Ovid's Amores: Corinna, Cupid stealing a foot from the verse, the militia amoris and the irony with which the poet renewed Latin love elegy.

3 min read
05

Ars amatoria: the seduction manual that cost Ovid his exile

Ovid's Ars amatoria: three books of love advice in Augustan Rome, the Remedia amoris and the exile to Tomis for a poem and a mistake.

3 min read
06

The Song of Songs: love poetry at the heart of the Bible

The Song of Songs as love poetry: the attribution to Solomon, its dating, its sensual imagery and the famous verse that love is strong as death.

3 min read
07

From desire to mysticism: allegorical readings of the Song

How the Song of Songs became a mystical text: the Jewish Targum, Origen, Gregory of Nyssa, Bernard of Clairvaux and John of the Cross.

3 min read
08

Plato's Symposium: six speeches in praise of Eros

Plato's Symposium: the banquet at Agathon's house, the speeches of Phaedrus, Pausanias and Eryximachus, Aristophanes' myth, Socrates and Alcibiades.

3 min read
09

Diotima and the ladder of love: the birth of Platonic love

Diotima's speech in the Symposium: Eros son of Poros and Penia, begetting in beauty, the ladder of love and its legacy from Ficino to Bembo.

3 min read
10

Courtly love: the birth and rules of medieval fin'amor

What courtly love was: Occitan fin'amor, the domna, the senhal, the service of love, the courts of Eleanor of Aquitaine and the debate on its origins.

3 min read
11

Andreas Capellanus and De amore: the code of courtly love

Andreas Capellanus's De amore: the definition of love, the dialogues, the ladies' judgements, the thirty-one rules and the Paris condemnation of 1277.

3 min read
12

The troubadours: the Occitan poetry that invented European love lyric

The Occitan troubadours: William IX, Bernart de Ventadorn, Jaufre Rudel, Arnaut Daniel and the trobairitz. The genres, styles and legacy of love lyric.

3 min read
13

Tristan and Isolde: the forbidden passion of medieval romance

Tristan and Isolde in medieval literature: the plot, the versions of Béroul, Thomas and Gottfried, Marie de France's lai and its fortune up to Wagner.

3 min read
14

Dante and Beatrice: the Vita Nova and the birth of the angelic lady

Dante and Beatrice in the Vita Nova: who Bice Portinari was, the greeting, the screen ladies, the poetry of praise and the gentle heart of the Stil novo.

3 min read
15

Paolo and Francesca: love, reading and guilt in Inferno V

Paolo and Francesca in Canto V of the Inferno: the historical Malatesta affair, the three tercets on Love, the go-between book and Dante's pity.

3 min read
16

Petrarch and Laura: the Canzoniere and the invention of Petrarchism

Petrarch and Laura: the meeting in Avignon in 1327, the riddle of her identity, the Rerum vulgarium fragmenta, the Secretum and Petrarchism in Europe.

3 min read
17

Boccaccio and the Decameron: a hundred tales of love and its faces

Love in Boccaccio's Decameron: the preface to women, the fourth day of unhappy loves, Federigo and his falcon, Nastagio and the other famous tales.

3 min read
18

Shakespeare and love: from Romeo and Juliet to the Sonnets

Love in Shakespeare: the Italian sources of Romeo and Juliet, the lovers' sonnet, the balcony scene, the Sonnets of 1609 and the great comedies.

3 min read
19

The Sorrows of Young Werther: Goethe and the fever of passion

Goethe's Werther: the Wetzlar experiences, Lotte and Albert, Homer and Ossian, the Werther fever across Europe and the legacy taken up by Foscolo.

3 min read
20

Romanticism and absolute love: passion, night and death

Love in European Romanticism: Novalis and the night, Hölderlin and Diotima, Foscolo and Leopardi, Keats, Emily Brontë and Stendhal's crystallization.

3 min read